|
S: ABC ABCDAB ABCDABCDABDE
W: ABCDABD
      |

       |
S: ABC ABCDAB ABCDABCDABDE
W:     ABCDABD
       |

             |
S: ABC ABCDAB ABCDABCDABDE
W:     ABCDABD
             |

             |
S: ABC ABCDAB ABCDABCDABDE
W:         ABCDABD
             |

                    |
S: ABC ABCDAB ABCDABCDABDE
W:            ABCDABD
                    |

                    |
S: ABC ABCDAB ABCDABCDABDE
W:                ABCDABD
                    |

                        |
S: ABC ABCDAB ABCDABCDABDE
W:                ABCDABD
                        |

UIImagePickerController * imagePickerController = [[UIImagePickerController alloc]init];
imagePickerController.delegate = self;
imagePickerController.allowsEditing = YES;//允许编辑图片
imagePickerController.sourceType = UIImagePickerControllerSourceTypeCamera;//图片的来源为相机
//...还可以在这里修改相机的前后镜头 是否开启闪光灯等
[self presentViewController:imagePickerController animated:YES completion:nil];

- (void)imagePickerController:(UIImagePickerController *)picker didFinishPickingMediaWithInfo:(NSDictionary<NSString *,id> *)info {
    UIImage * originImage = info[UIImagePickerControllerOriginalImage];//这样获取的是原图像
    UIImage * editedImage = info[UIImagePickerControllerEditedImage];//这样获取的是修改后的图像
    //...在这里实现图像的保存
}

#import <Photos/Photos.h>

PHFetchOptions *options = [[PHFetchOptions alloc]init];
options.sortDescriptors = @[[NSSortDescriptor sortDescriptorWithKey:@"creationDate" ascending:YES]];
PHFetchResult * results = [PHAsset fetchAssetsWithOptions:options];
//...这样就取得了照片库中所有照片并将它们通过创建时间排序 当然这只是最简单的做法 还可以创建多个不同类别的相册

//...然后我们要通过如下的代码取得照片
PHImageRequestOptions *requestOptions = [[PHImageRequestOptions alloc]init];
requestOptions.resizeMode = PHImageRequestOptionsResizeModeExact;//这里指定了照片的清晰度
[[PHImageManager defaultManager]requestImageForAsset:results[number]
                                          targetSize:CGSizeMake(length, length)//指定了照片的大小
                                         contentMode:PHImageContentModeDefault
                                             options:requestOptions resultHandler:^(UIImage * result, NSDictionary * info) {
    //...在这里展示照片
}];

- (void)imageConfiguration {
    self.imageView.frame = CGRectMake(WIDTH/2-LENGTH/2, HEIGHT/2-LENGTH/2-32, _imageSize.width, _imageSize.height);
    //设置图片的位置
    CGFloat zoomScale =[self zoomScaleWithSize:_imageSize];
    //计算初始的zoomScale
    CGFloat minimumZoomScale = [self minimumZoomScaleWithSize:_imageSize];
    //计算最小的zoomScale
    CGFloat maximumZoomScale = (minimumZoomScale <= 1.2) ? 1.2 : minimumZoomScale;
    //这里的1.2可以替换成其他值
    self.scrollView.minimumZoomScale = minimumZoomScale;
    self.scrollView.maximumZoomScale = maximumZoomScale;
    self.scrollView.zoomScale = zoomScale;
    self.scrollView.contentSize = CGSizeMake(_imageSize.width*zoomScale+WIDTH-LENGTH, _imageSize.height*zoomScale+HEIGHT-LENGTH-64);
    //为了保证将图片限制在边框内初始的ContentSize
    self.scrollView.contentOffset = CGPointMake(WIDTH/2-LENGTH/2, HEIGHT/2-LENGTH/2-32);
    //WIDTH是屏幕宽度 HEIGHT是屏幕高度 LENGTH是边框变长
}

- (CGFloat)zoomScaleWithSize:(CGSize)size {
    CGFloat width = size.width;
    CGFloat height = size.height;
    CGFloat scale = (CGFloat)width/height;
    CGFloat screenScale = (CGFloat)WIDTH/HEIGHT;
    if (scale > screenScale) {
        if ((CGFloat)WIDTH/width*height>LENGTH) {
            return ((CGFloat)WIDTH / width);
        } else {
            return (LENGTH/height);
        }
    } else {
        if ((CGFloat)HEIGHT/height*width>LENGTH) {
            return ((CGFloat)HEIGHT/height);
        } else {
            return (LENGTH/width);
        }
    }
}
//思路是通过比较宽高比确定让图片正好容纳在屏幕内的比例，同时还保证图片能够包括边框

- (CGFloat)minimumZoomScaleWithSize:(CGSize)size {
    CGFloat width = size.width;
    CGFloat height = size.height;
    if ((LENGTH / height)>(LENGTH / width)) {
        return (LENGTH / height);
    } else {
        return (LENGTH / width);
    }
}
//只保证图片能够包括边框即可

- (void)scrollViewDidZoom:(UIScrollView *)scrollView {
    self.scrollView.contentSize = CGSizeMake(_imageSize.width*self.scrollView.zoomScale+WIDTH-LENGTH, _imageSize.height*self.scrollView.zoomScale+HEIGHT-LENGTH-64);
}
//UIScrollView代理 在缩放时能够正确的更新contentSize

self.contentView.layer.mask = self.maskLayer;
[self.contentView.layer insertSublayer:self.borderLayer above:self.imageView.layer];

- (CAShapeLayer *)borderLayer {
    if (!_borderLayer) {
        //...在此设置边框
    }
        return _borderLayer;
}

- (CAShapeLayer *)maskLayer {
    if (!_maskLayer) {
        _maskLayer = [CAShapeLayer layer];
        [_maskLayer setFrame:CGRectMake(0, 0, WIDTH, HEIGHT)];
        [_maskLayer setBackgroundColor:[UIColor colorWithRed:0 green:0 blue:0 alpha:0.5].CGColor];
        //确定阴影的明暗
        //...setPath确定无阴影的范围
    }
    return _maskLayer;
}

- (void)viewWillAppear:(BOOL)animated {
    [super viewWillAppear:animated];
    CGRect navRect = self.navigationController.navigationBar.frame;
    self.navigationController.navigationBar.frame = CGRectMake(navRect.origin.x, navRect.origin.y, navRect.size.width, 64);
}

- (void)viewWillDisappear:(BOOL)animated {
    [super viewWillDisappear:animated];
    CGRect navRect = self.navigationController.navigationBar.frame;
    self.navigationController.navigationBar.frame = CGRectMake(navRect.origin.x, navRect.origin.y, navRect.size.width, 44);
}

- (void)viewWillAppear:(BOOL)animated {
    [super viewWillAppear:animated];
    [self.navigationController.navigationBar setTitleVerticalPositionAdjustment:-10.0 forBarMetrics:UIBarMetricsDefault];
    //-10.0可以根据需要调节
}

- (void)viewWillDisappear:(BOOL)animated {
    [super viewWillDisappear:animated];
    [self.navigationController.navigationBar setTitleVerticalPositionAdjustment:0.0 forBarMetrics:UIBarMetricsDefault];
}

[self.barButtonItem setBackgroundVerticalPositionAdjustment:-10.0 forBarMetrics:UIBarMetricsDefault];
//－10.0可以根据需要调节

- (BOOL)prefersStatusBarHidden {
    return YES;
}

- (UIImage *)imageWithZoomScale:(CGFloat)zoomScale {
    UIGraphicsBeginImageContextWithOptions(self.imageView.bounds.size, NO, zoomScale);
    [self.imageView drawViewHierarchyInRect:self.imageView.bounds afterScreenUpdates:YES];
    UIImage * image = UIGraphicsGetImageFromCurrentImageContext();
    UIGraphicsEndImageContext();
    CGRect imageRect = //...在这里指定位置和大小
    CGImageRef sourceImageRef = [image CGImage];
    CGImageRef targetImageRef = CGImageCreateWithImageInRect(sourceImageRef, imageRect);
    return [UIImage imageWithCGImage:targetImageRef];
}

struct _half_byte {
    unsigned short hb0: 4, hb1: 4, hb2: 4, hb3: 4;
} m;
scanf("%hu %hu %hu %hu", &m.hb0, &m.hb1, &m.hb2, &m.hb3);

unsigned short tmp[4];
    scanf(“%hu %hu %hu %hu”, &tmp[0] , &tmp[1] , &tmp[2] , &tmp[3]);
    m.hb0 = tmp[0], m.hb1 = tmp[1] , m.hb2 = tmp[2] , m.hb3 = tmp[3];

char *a[5];
int i = 0;
for (i=0; i<5; i++)
    scanf("%s", a[i]);

struct direction {
   unsigned short int east:4,south:4,west:4,north:4; //east为最低位4，north为最高位1
};
union ud{
   unsigned short int all;
   struct direction d;
} a={0x1234};

#define kUpdateTimeInteval 60.0 //上传间隔
@interface LocationManager()
@property (nonatomic, strong) CLLocation * lastLocation; //最新一次的地理位置
@property (nonatomic) double timeInteval; //上一次上传地理位置时的时间戳
@end

- (void)locationManager:(CLLocationManager *)manager didUpdateLocations:(NSArray<CLLocation *> *)locations {
    _lastLocation = locations[0];
    if (_lastLocation.timestamp.timeIntervalSince1970 - _timeInteval > kUpdateTimeInteval) {
        NSLog(@"update location");
        [self updateLocation]; //上传地理位置
        _timeInteval = _lastLocation.timestamp.timeIntervalSince1970;
    }
}

[UIView performWithoutAnimation:^{
    //在这里设置UIButton的属性如Text等
    [_button.layer layoutIfNeeded];
}];

UIButton * button = [UIButton buttonWithType:UIButtonTypeRoundedRect];
[button setTitle:@"返回" forState:UIControlStateNormal];
button.titleLabel.font = [UIFont systemFontOfSize:17.0];
[button setImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"back"] forState:UIControlStateNormal];
button.imageEdgeInsets = UIEdgeInsetsMake(0, -3, 0, 0); //使用这个属性控制UIImageView和UILabel之间的距离
[button sizeToFit]; //设定button的frame
[button addTarget:self action:@selector(back) forControlEvents:UIControlEventTouchUpInside];
UIBarButtonItem * leftButton = [[UIBarButtonItem alloc]initWithCustomView:button];

UIBarButtonItem * negativeSpacer = [[UIBarButtonItem alloc]initWithBarButtonSystemItem:UIBarButtonSystemItemFixedSpace target:nil action:nil];
negativeSpacer.width = -16.0; //可根据实际需要调整
UIButton * button = [UIButton buttonWithType:UIButtonTypeRoundedRect];
[button setTitle:@"返回" forState:UIControlStateNormal];
button.titleLabel.font = [UIFont systemFontOfSize:17.0];
[button setImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"back"] forState:UIControlStateNormal];
button.imageEdgeInsets = UIEdgeInsetsMake(0, -3, 0, 0);
[button sizeToFit];
[button addTarget:self action:@selector(back) forControlEvents:UIControlEventTouchUpInside];
UIBarButtonItem * leftButton = [[UIBarButtonItem alloc]initWithCustomView:button];
self.navigationItem.leftBarButtonItems = @[negativeSpacer, leftbutton];

#include <stdio.h>;
void swap(int *a, int *b);
int main (void)
{
    int number[10];
    int i, j;//循环变量
    while (scanf("%d", &amp;number[0]) != EOF)
    {
        for (i = 1 ; i &lt; 10 ; i++)
            scanf("%d", &amp;number[i]);
        for (i = 0 ; i &lt; 9 ; i++)
        {
            for (j = 0 ; j &lt;= 8 - i ; j++)
            {
                if (number[j] &gt; number[j+1])
                    swap(&amp;number[j], &amp;number[j+1]);
            }
        }
        for (i = 0 ; i &lt; 10 ; i++)
        {
            if (i != 0) printf("-&gt;");
            printf("%d", number[i]);
        }
        putchar('\n');
    }
    return 0;
}
void swap(int *a, int *b)
{
    int temp;
    temp = *a;
    *a = *b;
    *b = temp;
    return;
}

#include <stdio.h>;
int main (void)
{
    long number;
    char currentByte;
    int count;
    while (scanf("%ld", &amp;number) != EOF)
    {
        for (count = 7 ; count &gt;= 0 ; count--)
        {
            currentByte = (((0xf &lt;&lt; (count * 4)) &amp; number) &gt;&gt; (count * 4)) &amp; 0xf;
            printf("%hd(%c) ", currentByte, currentByte);
        }
        putchar('\n');
    }
    return 0;
}

#include <stdio.h>;
void swapArray(int a[], int n);
void swap(int *a, int *b);
int main (void)
{
    int number[100];
    int totalNumber, individualNumber;
    int count, i;//循环变量
    scanf("%d", &amp;totalNumber);
    for (count = 0 ; count &lt; totalNumber; count++)
    {
        scanf("%d", &amp;individualNumber);
        for (i = 0 ; i &lt; individualNumber ; i++)
            scanf("%d", &amp;number[i]);
        swapArray(number, individualNumber);
        for (i = 0 ; i &lt; individualNumber ; i++)
        {
            if (i != 0) putchar(' ');
            printf("%d", number[i]);
        }
        putchar('\n');
    }
    return 0;
}
void swapArray(int a[], int n)
{
    int startIndex = 0;
    int endIndex = n - 1;
    while (startIndex &lt;= endIndex)
    {
        swap(&amp;a[startIndex], &amp;a[endIndex]);
        startIndex++;
        endIndex--;
    }
    return;
}
void swap(int *a, int *b)
{
    int temp;
    temp = *a;
    *a = *b;
    *b = temp;
    return;
}

#include <stdio.h>;
void swap(int *a, int *b);
void moveArray(int a[], int n, int m);//轮移数组,其中n为总个数,m为轮移次数
int main (void)
{
    int number[22];
    int individualNumber, middleNumber;
    int i;//循环变量
    while ((scanf("%d", &amp;individualNumber), individualNumber) != 0)
    {
        scanf("%d", &amp;middleNumber);
        for (i = 0 ; i &lt; individualNumber ; i++)
            scanf("%d", &amp;number[i]);
        moveArray(number, individualNumber, middleNumber);
        for (i = 0 ; i &lt; individualNumber ; i++)
        {
            if (i != 0) putchar(' ');
            printf("%d", number[i]);
        }
        putchar('\n');
    }
    return 0;
}
void moveArray(int a[], int n, int m)
{
    if (m == 0)
    {
        return;
    }
    else
    {
        int temp, count;
        temp = a[0];
        for (count = 0 ; count &lt; n - 1 ; count++)
            a[count] = a[count+1];
        a[n-1] = temp;
        moveArray(a, n, --m);
    }
}
void swap(int *a, int *b)
{
    int temp;
    temp = *a;
    *a = *b;
    *b = temp;
    return;
}

- (void)drawSeparator{
    _separatorlineLayer = [CAShapeLayer layer];
    CGMutablePathRef separatorShapePath = CGPathCreateMutable();
    [_separatorLayer setFillColor:[UIColor clearColor].CGColor];
    [_separatorLayer setStrokeColor:[UIColor headlineColor].CGColor];
    _separatorLayer.lineWidth = 0.5f;
    CGPathMoveToPoint(separatorShapePath, NULL, 0.0f, 0.0f);
    CGPathAddLineToPoint(separatorShapePath, NULL, WIDTH, 0.0f);
    [_headlineLayer setPath:separatorShapePath];
    CGPathRelease(separatorShapePath);
    [self.contentView.layer addSublayer:_separatorLineLayer];
}

tableView.estimatedRowHeight = 60.0f;
tableView.rowHeight = UITableViewAutomaticDimension;

- (void)viewDidLoad{
    [super viewDidLoad];
    //注册通知
    [[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] addObserver:self selector:@selector(keyboardWillShow:) name:UIKeyboardWillShowNotification object:nil];
    [[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] addObserver:self selector:@selector(keyboardWillHide:) name:UIKeyboardWillHideNotification object:nil];
}

- (void)dealloc {
    //移除通知
    [[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter]removeObserver:self];
}

- (void)keyboardWillShow:(NSNotification *)notification{
    //键盘弹出时调用
    NSDictionary * userInfo = [notification userInfo];
    NSValue * frameValue = [userInfo objectForKey:UIKeyboardFrameEndUserInfoKey];
    CGRect keyboardRect = [frameValue CGRectValue];
    NSInteger height = keyboardRect.size.height;
}

- (void)keyboardWillHide:(NSNotification *)notification{
    //键盘隐藏时调用
}

#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
void swap(int *score_a, int *score_b, char *name_a, char *name_b);
int main (void)
{
    int number, count;
    while (scanf("%d", &number) != EOF)
    {
        putchar('\n');
        int scores[number];
        char names[number][81];
        for (count = 0 ; count < number ; ++count)
            scanf("%s%d", names[count], &scores[count]);
        int i, j;
        for (i = 0 ; i < number ; ++i)
            for (j = i ; j < number ; ++j)
                if (scores[i] < scores[j])
                    swap(&scores[i], &scores[j], &names[i][0], &names[j][0]);
        for (count = 0 ; count < number ; ++count)
            printf("%s %d\n", names[count], scores[count]);
        putchar('\n');
    }
    return 0;
}

void swap(int *score_a, int *score_b, char *name_a, char *name_b)
{
    int t;
    char str_t[81];
    t = *score_a;
    *score_a = *score_b;
    *score_b = t;
    strcpy(str_t, name_a);
    strcpy(name_a, name_b);
    strcpy(name_b, str_t);
    return;
}

#include <stdio.h>
int main(void)
{
    int sequence[10];
    int count;
    int i, j;
    int temp;
    while (scanf("%d", &sequence[0]) != EOF)
    {
        for (count = 1 ; count < 10 ; ++count)
            scanf("%d", &sequence[count]);
        for (i = 0 ; i < 10 ; ++i)
        {
            for (j = 0 ; j < 8 - i ; ++j)
            {
                if (sequence[j] > sequence[j+1])
                {
                    temp = sequence[j];
                    sequence[j] = sequence[j+1];
                    sequence[j+1] = temp;
                }
            }
        }
        for(count = 0 ; count < 10 ; ++count)
            printf("%d ", sequence[count]);
        putchar('\n');
    }
    return 0;
}

#include <stdio.h>
int main (void)
{
    int number,count;
    int current;
    int i;
    while (scanf("%d", &number) != EOF)
    {
        int people[10000];
        for (i = 0 ; i < number ; ++i)
            people[i] = 1;
        count = number;
        current = 0;
        i = 0;
        while (count > 1)
        {
            if (i >= number)
                i = 0;
            if (people[i] == 1)
                current += 1;
            if (count == 1)
                break;
            if (current == 3)
            {
                people[i] = 0;
                count -= 1;
                current = 0;
            }
            i++;
        }
        for (i = 0 ; i < number ; ++i)
            if (people[i] == 1)
            {
                printf("%d\n", i + 1);
                break;
            }
    }
    return 0;
}

#include <stdio.h>
#define Swap(x,y) {x = x + y; y = x - y; x = x - y;}

int main (void)
{
    int a, b;
    int count = 0;
    while (scanf("%d%d", &a, &b) != EOF)
    {
        if (count)
            putchar('\n');
        count += 1;
        printf("Case %d:\n", count);
        printf("Before Swap:a=%d b=%d\n", a, b);
        Swap(a,b);
        printf("After Swap:a=%d b=%d\n", a, b);

    }
    return 0;
}

#include <stdio.h>
void mycpy (char s[], char t[], int n);
int main (void)
{
    int number;
    char sentence[1001];
    char result[1001];
    int n;
    scanf("%d", &number);
    getchar();//读取\n
    int count;
    for (count = 0 ; count < number ; ++count)
    {
        fgets(sentence, 1001, stdin);
        scanf("%d", &n);
        getchar();//读取\n
        mycpy(result, sentence, n);
        printf("%s\n", result);
    }
    return 0;
}
void mycpy (char s[], char t[], int n)
{
    int i;
    for (i = 0 ; i < n ; ++i)
    {
        s[i] = t[i];
    }
    s[n] = '\0';
    return;
}

#include <stdio.h>
int main (void)
{
    char currentChar;
    int numberCount[10] = {0};
    int englishCharCount = 0;
    int otherCount = 0;
    int count;
    while ((currentChar = getchar()) != EOF)
    {
        switch (currentChar)
        {
            case '0': numberCount[0] += 1 ; break;
            case '1': numberCount[1] += 1 ; break;
            case '2': numberCount[2] += 1 ; break;
            case '3': numberCount[3] += 1 ; break;
            case '4': numberCount[4] += 1 ; break;
            case '5': numberCount[5] += 1 ; break;
            case '6': numberCount[6] += 1 ; break;
            case '7': numberCount[7] += 1 ; break;
            case '8': numberCount[8] += 1 ; break;
            case '9': numberCount[9] += 1 ; break;
            default: break;
        }
        if ((currentChar >= 'A' && currentChar <= 'Z') || (currentChar >= 'a' && currentChar <= 'z'))
            englishCharCount += 1;
        else if (!(currentChar >= '0' && currentChar <= '9'))
            otherCount += 1;
    }
    for (count = 0 ; count < 10 ; ++count)
        printf("Number %d: %d\n", count, numberCount[count]);
    printf("characters: %d\n", englishCharCount);
    printf("other: %d\n", otherCount);
    return 0;
}

#include <stdio.h>
int main (void)
{
    int sequence[20];
    int number;
    int count;
    int i, j;
    int temp;
    while (scanf("%d", &number), number != 0)
    {
        for (count = 0 ; count < number ; ++count)
            scanf("%d", &sequence[count]);
        for (i = 0 ; i < number ; ++i)
            for (j = i ; j < number ; ++j)
                if (sequence[i] > sequence[j])
                {
                    temp = sequence[i];
                    sequence[i] = sequence[j];
                    sequence[j] = temp;
                }
        for (count = 0 ; count < number ; ++count)
        {
            if (count)
                putchar(' ');
            printf("%d", sequence[count]);
        }
        putchar('\n');
    }
    return 0;
}

#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>

int isPrime (int x);
int main (void)
{
    int begin, end;
    int count, number;
    int subnumber1, subnumber2;
    for (count = 1 ; scanf("%d%d", &begin, &end) != EOF ; ++count)
    {
        if (count != 1)
            putchar('\n');
        printf("CASE:%d\n", count);
        printf("COLDBACH'S CONJECTURE:\n");
        printf("Every even number n>=4 among %d~%d is the sum of two primes:\n", begin, end);
        if (begin % 2 != 0)
            begin++;
        for (number = begin ; number <= end ; number += 2)
        {
            for (subnumber1 = 2 ; subnumber1 <= (number/ 2) ; ++subnumber1)
            {
                subnumber2 = number - subnumber1;
                if (isPrime(subnumber2) && isPrime(subnumber1))
                {
                    printf("%d=%d+%d\n", number, subnumber1, subnumber2);
                    break;
                }
            }
        }
    }
    return 0;
}

/*************************************************
Function: isPrime
Description: 判断正整数是否为素数
Input: 一个正整数x
Return: 1表示素数 0表示合数
*************************************************/
int isPrime (int x)
{
    int i;
    for (i = 2 ; i <= sqrt(x) ; ++i)
        if (x % i == 0) return 0;
    return 1;
}

#include <stdio.h>
int getKFromN (unsigned long n , int k);

int main (void)
{
    unsigned long n;
    int k;
    while (scanf("%lu%d", &n, &k) != EOF)
    {
        printf("%d\n", getKFromN(n, k));
    }
    return 0;
}

/*************************************************
 Function: getKFromN
 Description: 返回n中从右端开始的第k个值
 Input: 一个1~4000000000的正整数n 一个正整数k
 Return: 一个正整数 n中的第k个数字 -1表示越位
 *************************************************/
int getKFromN (unsigned long n , int k)
{
    int unit = 0;//表示最后一位
    int count;//表示当前位数
    unsigned long result = n;//存储结果
    for (count = 1 ; count <= k ; count++)
    {
        unit = result % 10;
        result = result / 10;
    }
    if (!(unit == 0 && result == 0))
        return unit;
    else
        return -1;
}
```    

## 3、冰雹数——改编自习题5.11

* * *

### 题目描述：

n(0)是一个给定的正整数，对于i=0,1,2,...,定义：（1）若n(i)是偶数，则n(i+1)=n(i）/2;（2）若n(i)是奇数，则n(i+1)=3n(i)+1;(3)若n(i)是1，则序列结束。
本题包含多组测试数据。


### 输入格式说明：

每组测试数据输入占一行，包括一个正整数n0，n0在1~4000000000之间（闭区间），遇文件尾测试结束。

### 输出格式说明：

输出冰雹数序列以及序列数的总个数，相邻两组测试样例的输出结果之间空一行。

### 样例输入：

77
92


### 样例输出：

Hailstone generated by 77:
77 232 116 58 29 88 44 22 11 34 17 52 26 13 40 20 10 5 16 8 4 2 1
Number of hailstone generated:23

Hailstone generated by 92:
92 46 23 70 35 106 53 160 80 40 20 10 5 16 8 4 2 1
Number of hailstone generated:18

### 解答：

## 4、计算题——改编自习题5.10

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### 题目描述：

编程计算s=1+1/2!+1/3!+1/4!+...+1/n!。n由终端输入，将计算n!定义成函数。
本题包含多组测试数据。

### 输入格式说明：

每组测试数据输入占一行，包括一个正整数n，n在1~20之间（闭区间），遇文件尾测试结束。

### 输出格式说明：

每组测试样例的输出结果占一行，输出s，保留18位小数。
注：20！=2432902008176640000。

### 样例输入：

1
2

### 样例输出：

1.000000000000000000
1.500000000000000000

### 解答：

## 5、掷骰子游戏——改编自习题5.1

* * *

### 题目描述：

编写一个模拟“投掷双骰子”的游戏程序。游戏规则：每轮投两次，取两次的和，第一轮若和为7或11则获胜，游戏结束；若和为2,3，或12则输了，失败结束；若和为其他数字，则将此值作为自己的点数，继续第二轮，第三轮⋯⋯直到某轮的和等于该点数则获胜，若出现和为7，则输掉游戏。模拟每掷一次骰子的随机取数规则：输入一个非负整数，称为启动数，你需要计算得到启动数各位数之和记为sum，现将1~6这6张数字卡片按顺时钟方向摆放一个环，一只蚂蚁每次从数字为1的卡片摆放的位置出发，这时你告诉蚂蚁按顺时钟方向走sum步，蚂蚁最终停留位置上的卡片数字即视为本次掷骰子得到的点数。
本题包含多组测试数据。


### 输入格式说明：

第一行输入n表示测试样例的个数，后面紧接着有n行输入，每行输入包含两个非负整数记为a，b，整数范围在0~10000之间（闭区间），视为第一轮两次投掷的启动数，若进行到了第n轮时，则第n轮两次投掷的启动数分别看作是a+n-1,b+n-1；


### 输出格式说明：

每组测试样例的输出结果占一行，输出本次游戏的最终结果。

### 样例输入：

3
1234 1
1 42
0 422

### 样例输出：

success!
fail!
success!

### 解答：